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Historical background
SPHER International for Human and Environment rights was created as a result of dialogue analyses, which were conducted between a group of Arab intellectuals, on a social media in 2013. The dialogue included human rights lawyers, lawyers, doctors, scientists and writers, plus others. The discussion concerned the critical issues that emerged in the early part of the second decade of the 21st century, particularly, between 2011 and 2013 and continued intol 2014. These issues caused death, destruction and displacement of thousands of people around the world, leading to the violation of their human and moral rights. This dialogue subsequently evolved into a crossroads of human and environmental rights, and the impact of political instability and armed conflicts on these rights became vital in two basic scenarios:
Scenario of environmental changes: Sudden environmental changes and/or environmental degradation lead to unhealthy living conditions, or scarcity of resources, which leads to or coincides with political instability. This is would result in violations of human rights. As in the case of the Pacific island states, Tuvalu, for example, is constantly threatened by rising sea level and the disappearance of land. This is due to its low land elelvation which is about 5 meters (15 feet) above the sea level. This is has led to the migration of most of its population to New Zealand. In essence this is not different from the desertification situation in a number of African countries, which led to the creation of the United Nations Convention against Desertification, which is based on the principles of partnership, good governance and sustainable development.
The scenario of political instability and armed conflicts: Such is the case of the political instability which led to armed conflicts involving environmentally-damaging weapons in Syria, Libya and Yemen since 2011. This is a living example of violations of human rights and the environment due to political instability. Armed conflict may sometimes involve the use of weapons that harm human beings and their environment, and lead to violations of the rights of both. For example, using chemical weapons (Iraq and Syria), or nuclear bombs (World War II), or misuse or damage to resources, such as burning oil wells during military conflicts (Iraqi invasion of Kuwait) violated the rights of both citizens and the environments of these countries.
Ultimately, the analysis concluded that human rights issues are of the utmost importance to the international community, and that they are closely associated with environmental issues and political stability. Accordingly, a human and environmental rights organization, with multi-cultural relevancy, and a multi-disciplinary approach is very much needed to promote fundamental human and environmental rights in areas of political instability and conflict.
The founders of SPHER International believe that man changes the face of the earth in many ways, but not all of them change for the better. Human absurdity sometimes leads to the depletion of natural resources, and at other times the face of the earth changes for environmental reasons as a result of climate changes, such as drought and sea level rise
However, change as a result of armed conflicts is sudden and more deadly, and more severe on humans, animal and plants living in areas where they occur. A powerful biological weapon that can threaten a whole population that may be dispersed and exposed to unhealthy living conditions, and a lack of resources, in record time. Even if we exclude death, an inevitable consequence of war situations, this is completely devastating. Therefore, SPHER International is trying to raise awareness of the importance of protecting the environment and human rights among different peoples and at all levels, and among all social classes and age groups.